Summary:

Windows Update gives error 0x8020000E.  Usually happens after a partition has been changed, resized, cloned, etc.  To resolve the problem, flush the Software Update Distribution folder by renaming %SYSTEMROOT%\SoftwareDistribution with the "Windows Update" service stopped.

Resolution:

The technical solution:

  1. Start an elevated command prompt
  2. cd %systemroot%
  3. net stop wuauserv
  4. ren SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
  5. net start wuauserv
  6. Close command prompt

The GUI solution:

  1. Control Panel, Services (launch with admin rights)
  2. Find the Windows Update service, and stop it.
  3. Open Explorer to C:\Windows (Or wherever you installed Windows)
  4. Find and rename the SoftwareDistribution folder to something else, like "SoftwareDistribution.old"
  5. Start the Windows Update service again.